Helping Kids with ADHD Focus: Classroom and Home Strategies

As a special education teacher, I’m frequently asked to observe students who appear to be distracted. As teachers, we can’t diagnose but we can find ways to support students who struggle in the classroom, regardless if it’s ADHD.

Today’s classrooms are not what many think, learning is hard and standards must be met, so students spend more time sitting than moving around. Students’ minds move fast, their energy levels fluctuate, and traditional learning environments don’t always meet their needs. Parents often ask, “How can I help my child focus better?”

Understanding ADHD in the Classroom

Children with ADHD often experience:

• Difficulty maintaining attention (especially on non-preferred tasks)
• Impulsivity (blurting out answers, interrupting, acting before thinking)
• Hyperactivity (constant movement, fidgeting, trouble staying seated)
• Executive functioning struggles (organizing materials, following multi-step directions, remembering assignments)

It is important to note that the term “ADD” changed to “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” (ADHD) in 2013 with the release of the DSM-52. The official change in terminology occurred with the publication of the DSM-IV in 1994.

What can teachers do within their classrooms?

1. Provide Movement Breaks

Sitting still for long periods is difficult for students with ADHD. Movement can help them focus.

• Allow short brain breaks (e.g., stretching, jumping jacks) between activities.
• Use alternative seating options like standing desks, wobble stools, or yoga balls.
• Let students move while they learn, such as walking while reading or using hand motions for new concepts.

2. Offer Flexible Seating and Workspaces

Some students focus better in quiet spaces, while others do better with background noise.

What Teachers Can Do:

• Create a variety of seating options—quiet corners, floor cushions, or desks with dividers.
• Allow students to choose where they work best for certain tasks.
• Use noise-canceling headphones for students who are easily distracted by sound.

3. Break Down Tasks into Small Steps

Many students with ADHD struggle with multi-step directions.

What Teachers Can Do:

• Give one instruction at a time instead of a long list.
• Use visual checklists to help students stay on track.
• Offer frequent feedback to keep them engaged and motivated.

4. Use Visual and Hands-On Learning Tools

What Teachers Can Do:

• Use graphic organizers to help with writing and reading comprehension.
• Incorporate hands-on activities (e.g., manipulatives in math, science experiments, or interactive notebooks).
• Use color-coding to help with organization (e.g., different colors for subjects or materials).

5. Build Predictable Routines

Changes in routine can be difficult for students with ADHD.

What Teachers Can Do:

• Establish clear daily schedules with visual schedules or timers.
• Give transition warnings before switching activities.
• Maintain consistent classroom rules and expectations.

6. Provide Positive Reinforcement

Students with ADHD often receive negative feedback for their behavior, which can lower self-esteem.

What Teachers Can Do:

• Use praise and rewards for effort, not just accuracy.
• Create a positive behavior system (e.g., sticker charts, token rewards).
• Focus on strengths, such as creativity, problem-solving, and enthusiasm.

7. Allow for Fidget Tools

Fidgeting is a way students with ADHD self-regulate and stay engaged.

What Teachers Can Do:

• Provide fidget tools like stress balls, putty, or small hand-held items.
• Allow doodling or note-taking during lessons to help with focus.
• Set clear rules for using fidgets appropriately (e.g., not distracting others).

What can parents do?

1. Establish a Structured Homework Routine

Homework can feel overwhelming for kids with ADHD, but structure helps.

Tips for Parents:

• Set up a consistent workspace that is quiet and free from distractions.
• Use a visual schedule to outline tasks and break them into small steps.
• Incorporate movement breaks (e.g., 5 minutes of jumping or stretching between assignments).

2. Use Timers and Alarms

Students with ADHD often lose track of time, so timers help them stay on task.

Tips for Parents:

• Use a visual timer (like a Time Timer) to show how much time is left for a task.
• Set a “beat the timer” challenge for short tasks to make it more engaging.
• Try the Pomodoro technique (25-minute work periods followed by 5-minute breaks).

3. Reduce Clutter and Improve Organization

Disorganization makes focusing even harder for students with ADHD.

Tips for Parents:

• Use color-coded folders for different subjects.
• Create a designated homework station with necessary supplies.
• Help your child clean their backpack weekly to prevent lost assignments.

4. Encourage Physical Activity

Exercise helps regulate dopamine levels, improving focus and impulse control.

Tips for Parents:

• Let your child run or play outside before starting homework.
• Consider sports, martial arts, or activities like yoga that improve focus.
• Use active learning strategies (e.g., bouncing a ball while spelling words).

5. Implement a Reward System

Positive reinforcement can help kids stay motivated.

Tips for Parents:

• Use a simple point system (e.g., earning stars for completed tasks).
• Allow your child to “cash in” points for small rewards (e.g., extra screen time, a special outing).
• Praise effort over results to build confidence.

6. Teach Self-Regulation Strategies

Kids with ADHD benefit from learning how to manage their emotions and energy levels.

Tips for Parents:

• Teach deep breathing and mindfulness exercises.
• Use calm-down corners with sensory tools like weighted blankets or stress balls.
• Help them identify what strategies work best for them (e.g., chewing gum, listening to music).

7. Work with the School

Communication between home and school is key to helping students with ADHD succeed.

Tips for Parents:

• Regularly check in with teachers about what’s working and what’s not.
• Advocate for an IEP or 504 Plan if your child needs accommodations.
• Keep track of patterns and triggers that may be impacting your child’s focus.

Kids with ADHD are not lazy, unmotivated, or “bad” students. They simply need the right strategies and support to reach their potential. By making small adjustments—both in the classroom and at home—we can help them develop focus, confidence, and a love for learning.

 

Strategies to Help Your Child Love School Again (Part 2)

My previous blog post on Why Your Child Hates School explains reasons for a student’s frustrations with school and how parents can support their struggling child. Here are solutions to Help Your Child Love School Again:

1. Advocate for Your Child

Your child needs you to be their voice, especially when they feel unheard or misunderstood. Work closely with teachers, counselors, and administrators to ensure they receive the support they need.

• Request meetings if you notice ongoing struggles.
• Ask about support services such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, or counseling.
• Work with the school to develop an IEP or 504 Plan if your child qualifies for accommodations.

2. Focus on Strengths and Interests

Every child has strengths and interests that can help them reconnect with learning.

• Find ways to incorporate their passions into their education.
• Encourage them to join clubs, extracurricular activities, or special programs that align with their interests.
• Praise effort and progress rather than just grades.

3. Create a Safe Space at Home

Home should be a place of comfort and safety where your child can decompress.

• Provide opportunities for downtime and relaxation after school.
• Encourage open conversations where your child feels safe sharing their feelings.
• Validate their emotions—“I hear that school is tough for you right now. Let’s work together to make it better.”

4. Teach Self-Advocacy Skills

Empower your child to express their needs and seek support when necessary.

• Teach them how to ask for help from a teacher.
• Encourage them to recognize what strategies work best for them (e.g., using fidgets, taking breaks).
• Help them practice self-regulation and coping skills.

5. Normalize Differences and Challenges

Whether your child is neurotypical or neurodivergent, they need to know that struggles with school do not define them.

• Teach them that everyone has strengths and challenges.
• Encourage a growth mindset—challenges help us grow and learn.
• Remind them that their worth is not tied to grades or performance.

Final Thoughts: Turning Struggle into Success

If your child hates school, it’s important to listen, validate, and take action. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, but by identifying the root cause and implementing targeted strategies, you can help your child feel more confident, supported, and engaged in their education.

Remember, school should not be a place of dread—it should be a place of discovery. With the right support, advocacy, and encouragement, your child can rediscover their love for learning.

If you have concerns about your child’s school experience, reach out to their teachers, special education team, or school counselors. You are not alone in this journey, and together, we can make school a place where all children feel seen, heard, and valued.

 

Why Your Child Hates School (Part 1)

As a special education teacher, I’ve worked with students across the spectrum—both neurotypical and neurodivergent—who struggle with school. I see the frustration on their faces, the reluctance in their steps, and the exhaustion in their voices when they tell their parents, “I hate school.”

If your child has ever said these words, you’re not alone. Many parents hear this, and their immediate reaction is concern, frustration, or helplessness. Why does your child feel this way? Is it something specific, or is it just a phase? And most importantly—what can you do about it?

Why Kids Hate School: The Common Reasons

1. It’s Too Hard (or Too Easy)

For many students, schoolwork is either too challenging or not challenging enough.

• A child who struggles academically may feel frustrated and defeated, dreading school because it reminds them of their difficulties.
• A child who finds the work too easy may feel bored and disengaged, leading to a lack of motivation and even behavior issues.

For Neurodivergent Students: Many neurodivergent students, especially those with learning disabilities, ADHD, or autism, may struggle with processing speed, working memory, or attention, making learning feel overwhelming. Others, particularly gifted students, may feel unchallenged and unmotivated.

What Parents Can Do:

• If your child finds school too difficult, work with their teacher to explore accommodations, interventions, or additional support. A 504 Plan or IEP (Individualized Education Plan) may be necessary.
• If your child is bored, speak with the school about enrichment opportunities, acceleration, or more challenging assignments.
• Provide opportunities at home for problem-solving, creativity, and hands-on learning to keep their mind engaged.

2. Social Struggles and Peer Relationships

Friendships and social dynamics play a huge role in a child’s experience at school. If your child is struggling socially, school can feel like an emotionally exhausting place.

• They may feel lonely or left out.
• They may experience bullying or exclusion.
• They may have trouble understanding social cues or forming friendships.

For Neurodivergent Students: Many neurodivergent children struggle with social communication and may find it difficult to navigate friendships. Sensory sensitivities, misunderstandings, or rigid thinking patterns can also make social interactions stressful.

What Parents Can Do:

• Encourage social skills practice through role-playing, books, or structured social activities.
• Reach out to teachers or school counselors for support in fostering positive peer interactions.
• Connect your child with clubs, hobbies, or activities where they can meet like-minded peers.

3. Sensory Overload and Anxiety

For some children, especially those with sensory processing differences or anxiety, the school environment itself can be overwhelming.

• Bright lights, loud noises, crowded hallways, and strong smells can make school an overstimulating place.
• Unstructured times like recess, lunch, and transitions can be particularly challenging.
• Anxiety about grades, expectations, or social interactions can make school feel unsafe.

For Neurodivergent Students: Sensory sensitivities are common among autistic students, students with ADHD, and those with sensory processing disorder. A child may become dysregulated or shut down due to overwhelming stimuli.

What Parents Can Do:

• Work with the school to implement sensory-friendly strategies such as noise-canceling headphones, fidget tools, or a quiet space for breaks.
• Teach self-regulation strategies like deep breathing, grounding techniques, or movement breaks.
• Talk with the teacher about creating a predictable routine to reduce anxiety.

4. Lack of Connection to Teachers or School Staff

Children need to feel connected to at least one caring adult at school. If they feel unseen, misunderstood, or unsupported, school can become a place of disconnection rather than belonging.

For Neurodivergent Students: Some neurodivergent students struggle with feeling misunderstood by their teachers. They may need alternative communication methods or additional patience from staff.

What Parents Can Do:

• Communicate with teachers about your child’s needs, interests, and strengths to build a positive relationship.
• Encourage your child to find a trusted adult at school, whether it’s a teacher, counselor, or support staff member.
• If possible, request a mentor or check-in system to provide additional emotional support.

5. Homework Battles and Academic Pressure

Many children feel overwhelmed by the amount of homework or pressure to perform well in school. This can create stress and lead to avoidance behaviors.

For Neurodivergent Students: Homework can be especially difficult for students with executive functioning challenges, making it hard to initiate, organize, or complete tasks independently.

What Parents Can Do:

• Set up a consistent, distraction-free homework routine with built-in breaks.
• Focus on effort rather than perfection, and advocate for modified assignments if needed.
• Teach executive functioning strategies such as checklists, timers, and visual schedules.

Strategies to Help Your Child Love School Again

Now that we’ve explored why school may be a struggle, let’s focus on solutions.

1. Advocate for Your Child

Your child needs you to be their voice, especially when they feel unheard or misunderstood. Work closely with teachers, counselors, and administrators to ensure they receive the support they need.

• Request meetings if you notice ongoing struggles.
• Ask about support services such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, or counseling.
• Work with the school to develop an IEP or 504 Plan if your child qualifies for accommodations.

2. Focus on Strengths and Interests

Every child has strengths and interests that can help them reconnect with learning.

• Find ways to incorporate their passions into their education.
• Encourage them to join clubs, extracurricular activities, or special programs that align with their interests.
• Praise effort and progress rather than just grades.

3. Create a Safe Space at Home

Home should be a place of comfort and safety where your child can decompress.

• Provide opportunities for downtime and relaxation after school.
• Encourage open conversations where your child feels safe sharing their feelings.
• Validate their emotions—“I hear that school is tough for you right now. Let’s work together to make it better.”

4. Teach Self-Advocacy Skills

Empower your child to express their needs and seek support when necessary.

• Teach them how to ask for help from a teacher.
• Encourage them to recognize what strategies work best for them (e.g., using fidgets, taking breaks).
• Help them practice self-regulation and coping skills.

5. Normalize Differences and Challenges

Whether your child is neurotypical or neurodivergent, they need to know that struggles with school do not define them.

• Teach them that everyone has strengths and challenges.
• Encourage a growth mindset—challenges help us grow and learn.
• Remind them that their worth is not tied to grades or performance.

Final Thoughts: Turning Struggle into Success

If your child hates school, it’s important to listen, validate, and take action. There is no one-size-fits-all solution, but by identifying the root cause and implementing targeted strategies, you can help your child feel more confident, supported, and engaged in their education.

Remember, school should not be a place of dread—it should be a place of discovery. With the right support, advocacy, and encouragement, your child can rediscover their love for learning.

If you have concerns about your child’s school experience, reach out to their teachers, special education team, or school counselors. You are not alone in this journey, and together, we can make school a place where all children feel seen, heard, and valued.

My next blog post will focus on strategies to help your child love school again.

 

What Does Your School’s Student Performance Data Mean?

Schools are required to share outcomes with parents.  Frequently, schools share information about the state student assessment outcomes on the school’s website or they invite parents to an informational session where they share and explain their outcomes.  Most schools even have a specific plan for addressing gaps or areas of lower performance, and they often share these plans with parents.  But parents need to ask, “Where is my voice in addressing this data?”

Parents typically view student outcomes differently from that of teachers and school-based staff.  Parents interact daily with their children and have been observers of their child’s academic successes and shortcomings for years.  It is important that parents and school teams work more intentionally together to discuss data and academic outcomes so all groups can move forward together, aligned in a plan to build academic success.

What Schools Can Do

Educators are experts on delivering information and planning activities for students to process that information.  The best educators plan activities that are collaborative, engaging, and get students excited about their own learning and growth.  Despite this expertise, parent sessions are too often just presented in one direction: the presenter shares information for the parents to hear, then a few questions are answered.  But schools can create parent data sessions that are more engaging and purposeful using the same strategies they use with students:

• Chalk-Talk-Walk: Parents can move around the room and write responses to questions that are posted on the walls. At each poster, parents can discuss a piece of data or answer a question about programming that will help school leaders make decisions using their feedback. 
• Think-Pair-Share: When presenting data, staff can have parents think about a piece of data, talk with another parent about it, and then share out with the whole group. Giving parents time to process what they are seeing will help them ask more meaningful questions and provide specific feedback.
• Socratic Seminars: If there is a gap identified in the outcomes, educators can create space where parents can discuss the issue and possible solutions. This strategy will focus heavily on the school staff asking questions and listening, not being the source of all information and solutions.

What Parents Can Do

• When presented with data, parents can think about it in the following ways:
  • Descriptive: What do I see? Parents can take time to identify successes, growth, low scores, or gaps between groups of students (e.g., boys/girls, English Learners/General Education, etc.)
  • Diagnostic: Why do I think the data looks the way it does? Why do I think kids are performing lower in math?  Why do I think girls outperform boys?
  • Predictive: What issues do I think will occur if we don’t address these gaps?
  • Prescriptive: What do I think we need to do about the gaps I see?

Parents should not be afraid to share their experiences and opinions. Their perspective matters and is very valuable to school teams.  Sometimes parents will hold a critical piece of information that will help everyone make a better decision about how to move forward. Parents should also not be passive recipients of school data and information.  All must engage, ask questions, and offer advice based on their experiences as parents.

Special Education Parents Provide School Support and Leadership

Parents of students with special needs know the importance of having a solid plan in place to support their child for success.  All students have varied needs, and students with disabilities need specific supports to help them reach the rigor of the academic standards taught in their classes.  Resource teachers work with the Individual Education Plan (IEP) team to develop a plan for supports, then share this plan with general education teachers and other support providers.  The goal is to ensure accommodations are supports are regularly in place so all of the students can find success.  In inclusive classroom settings, general education and special education teams work together to support these needs.  But, as many classroom teachers will tell you, even this amount of support is sometimes note enough.

Parents as Learning Partners

In the years after the COVID-19 pandemic and school closures, there were obvious gaps in learning, so much so that in California, IEP team meetings included a new topic of discussion: how to address learning loss.  To address this difficult issue, parents are vital participants in the IEP process, but they can further engage with the school community beyond attending an IEP meeting.  It was not just students with special needs who suffered during the pandemic.  Across the board, students returned to school with gaps in social, emotional, and academic development.  These gaps will take years to close and they are leaving many schools and educators stressed and worried about meeting the needs of all the children in their classes.

Parents as Classroom Volunteers

Fortunately, parents are a largely untapped resource in most schools.  Schools and parents need to work together to identify ways for parents to engage in classrooms with all students.  Having an extra adult regularly helps teachers manage the vast needs of their students.  Parents who are confident academically can volunteer as room parents who work with kids on reading, math, or supplementary academic practice.  In the 21st century, this could be as simple as monitoring students who are using computers or iPads in the classroom to ensure they don’t stray from their lesson while the teacher work with another small group.  Or, parents may be able to sit with a student or group or students who may regularly disrupt the class.  Often, just the presence of an adult or a nearby, watchful eye is enough to keep students on task.

Parents as Academic Learners

Obviously, not all parents have the ability to come to the classroom to support.  For these parents, evening sessions about how to work with their children at home are key. Parents can attend a math night to learn about strategies for supporting number sense and mathematical reasoning at home, or come to a literacy night to learn more about what expectations they should have for reading at home.  Alignment between home and school are critically important for student development, especially for those students who experienced learning loss after the pandemic.  There is simply not enough time for students to catch up during school, but if the school and parents collaborate to push daily learning and growth at home and at school, we can make up for those gaps in development.

Parents Support Their Children’s Academic Successes

Research is clear that when parents are involved at the school and stress the importance of education, students do better.  However, merely attending school workshops or showing up to Back to School Night are not enough.  While these too are important activities, we need a higher level of intentionality from parents and schools to address the current needs of our students.  When we work together with common goal and purpose, we will see great things from our kids and our communities!