Understanding Parent Participation in Special Education

Understanding Parent Participation in Special Education

As part of this series, I wrote about the special education law IDEA. One of the key principles of IDEA is “parent participation.” Parent participation, as outlined in IDEA, refers to the active involvement of parents of children with disabilities in the special education process. The law recognizes that parents are essential partners in their child’s education and aims to ensure that they have a meaningful role in decision-making and planning for their child’s education. Here are some key aspects of parent participation under IDEA:

Informed Consent

Your informed consent is required before the school can conduct evaluations or provide special education services to your child. This means you have the right to be fully informed about any proposed actions and their implications before you agree to them. Take the time to ask questions, seek clarification, and voice your concerns. Your active engagement ensures that decisions about your child’s education are made collaboratively and with your child’s best interests in mind. This also means that you have the right to revoke your consent at any point in time. It is best to do this in writing.

Individualized Education Program (IEP) Meetings

IDEA emphasizes that you, as a parent, are an essential member of your child’s educational team. One of the key ways you participate is through the Individualized Education Program (IEP). The IEP is a written plan that outlines your child’s learning goals, the services they will receive, and any necessary accommodations or modifications. Your input is crucial during IEP meetings as you know your child best. This means receiving a copy of your child’s evaluation report or draft IEP prior to the meeting with an appropriate amount of time to review the information begin shared. (My team sends all reports home at least three business days before the scheduled meeting.)

Access to Information

IDEA guarantees your right to access relevant information about your child’s education. This includes evaluation results, progress reports, and explanations of the available services and supports. Being informed helps you to understand your child’s progress, advocate for their needs, and make well-informed decisions together with the school team.

Dispute Resolution

The law includes provisions for resolving disputes between parents and schools regarding their child’s special education. You have the right to participate in mediation or due process hearings to resolve conflicts with the school district. Remember that open and respectful communication is key to finding solutions that benefit your child’s education.

Parent Training and Information Centers

IDEA supports the establishment of Parent Training and Information Centers in each state. These centers offer parents information, training, and resources to help them understand their rights and effectively participate in the special education process. Information can be found on your state Department of Education website, search for special education and you can find the information there. If not call them.

Conclusion

Your participation under IDEA is more than just attending meetings; it’s about actively engaging in your child’s education, collaborating with educators, and advocating for their needs. Your insights as a parent are invaluable in creating an effective and individualized education plan for your child with a disability. Remember, you are not alone on this journey, by working together, your child’s IEP team can create an inclusive and supportive educational environment that empowers your child to thrive.

 

 




What Are the 6 Principles of IDEA?

What Are the 6 Principles of IDEA?

One of the most important aspects of special education is understanding the law. It’s big. It doesn’t make sense, but it’s the cornerstone of everything I do as a professional. It doesn’t matter which state you live in or which district your school is in these 6 principles are EVERYTHING! (Don’t worry I’ll share more on these later, and give you more details.)

The 6 Principles of IDEA are what school districts are held accountable for funding. They must adhere to these principles and concepts or risk losing funding. And knowing these core special education concepts helps you as a parent with a child with a disability. If you have IEP issues and are having trouble defining them, chances are that issue will fit into one of these 6 buckets. First, a little background.

What is IDEA?

IDEA is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. It was enacted in 1975 and was re-authorized in 1990 and 2004. Ideally, it is supposed to be updated as appropriate every 10 years, but you can see that doesn’t happen. IDEA was authorized by the federal government to ensure that all children with disabilities are provided with “equality of [educational] opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency.” Meaning an IEP is to prepare a child for further education, employment, and independent living.

To get special education services for a child, you have to follow a legal process. The most important law for this process is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).  It gives rights and protections to kids with disabilities. It covers them from birth through high school graduation or age 21 (whichever comes first). Parents and legal guardians also have rights under the law.

The IEP process should exhibit all of these principles. Trouble starts when something is left out. Everything from an IEP fits into one of these principles.

Of course, there often is an overlap of issues. For example, if a team does not include your parent concerns on the IEP or does not provide you with Prior Written Notice (PWN), you could correctly claim one or all of the following:

  1. Your child was denied a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE).
  2. You weren’t allowed meaningful parent participation.
  3. They didn’t put your concerns on a PWN.

The purpose of an IEP is to prepare a child for further education, employment, and independent living. This is IDEA law.

Free Appropriate Public Education

Under the IDEA, every child with a disability is entitled to a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). The IDEA emphasizes special education and related services, which should be designed to meet a child’s “unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment, and independent living.”

The courts have held that the IDEA requires schools to prepare Individualized Education Plans, which provide “meaningful educational benefit” to children with disabilities. The “meaningful educational benefit” requirement includes a focus on raised student expectations, appropriate progress, and transition into postsecondary education and independent living.

Public schools and local school boards are responsible for ensuring that every child with a disability receives a FAPE.

Appropriate Evaluation

The Law requires that schools conduct “appropriate evaluations” of students who are suspected of having a disability. An appropriate evaluation must be implemented by a team of knowledgeable and trained evaluators, must utilize sound evaluation materials and procedures, and must be administered on a non-discriminatory basis. If your primary language is not English than the team must use evaluations that take this into account.

An appropriate evaluation must determine and make recommendations regarding a child’s eligibility for special education services in a timely manner. This means evaluations should be specific to the concerns surrounding the suspected disability.  Evaluations should not be the cookie-cutter approach where everyone gets the same set of assessments.

To receive FAPE, each child needs the appropriate evaluations. Your child is entitled to the appropriate evaluations to determine if there is a disability as defined under IDEA.

Individualized Education Plan

The Individualized Education Plan (IEP) was established by the IDEA to help ensure every child’s access to a Free Appropriate Public Education. The IEP is a written document, developed and drafted by an IEP team, which is based on the evaluation information to address the student’s strengths and needs.

Under the IDEA, an IEP must include information regarding a student’s present levels of educational performance, annual goals, services and supplementary aids to be received, and a detailed explanation of instances where your child is not participating in the general classroom and why.

An IEP is also required to include information regarding consistent reporting on student progress as well as “transition” to adult life. Finally, it is required that an IEP account for the planning concerns of all stakeholders including you and your child, the strengths of a particular child, and the specific “academic, developmental, and functional needs” of the child.

The plan that your child receives must be individualized to their needs.

Least Restrictive Environment

Under the IDEA, a student is guaranteed placement in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) possible. Therefore, the IEP team must explore a number of alternatives for enabling your child to participate in the general education classroom. These may include classroom modifications, supplemental aids, and services, andalternative instructional methods, etc.

LRE is a concept that was decided by a Supreme Court case affecting Special Education. The main point of LRE is this: “You must be educated in the least restrictive environment to the maximum extent possible, and you cannot use budget issues as an excuse not to do it.”

If an IEP team determines that your child’s needs are such that they can’t be addressed in the general education classroom, then the team must make responsible efforts to determine the LRE for that student outside of the general classroom.

Parent Participation

IDEA itself spends a lot of time addressing parent participation. It is your right, as well as your responsibility, to participate in the IEP process. Under this provision, state educational agencies and schools must ensure that the parents of a child with a disability are members of any group that makes decisions regarding the placement and LRE of that child.

You have the right to equal and meaningful participation in this process and are entitled to notification of a planned evaluation, access to planning and evaluation materials, and involvement in all meetings regarding your child’s placement. IDEA explicitly establishes your role as an equal participant and decision-maker.

Procedural Safeguards

The law establishes procedural safeguards to help parents and students enforce and understand their rights under federal law. The primary purpose of this requirement is twofold: safeguards protect your access to information pertaining to placement and transition planning, and procedures are put in place to resolve disagreements between you and schools regarding the placement of a student. For your own peace of mind, you want to read them before you need them.

Under the IDEA procedural safeguards, you have a right to review all educational records pertaining to your child, receive notice prior to meetings about your child’s evaluation, placement, or identification, and to obtain an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) for consideration at such meetings.

If disagreements arise, you have the right to request mediation or due process hearings with state-level education agencies, and beyond that may appeal the decision in a state or federal court.

Look for more specific information in the coming weeks about each one of these very important points from IDEA. This law encompasses of everything within special education. Do you have additional questions or want me to share a specific topic send me an email at: alison.whiteley@toad-allyexceptionallearners.com

 

 




Advocating for Your Child’s Special Education Needs

Advocating for Your Child’s Special Education Needs

Being a parent of a special needs child is not easy. Working with a new team each year is hard. It’s hard even when the only thing that changes is your general education teacher.

As a special education teacher, parents, you play a critical role part in your child’s education. Advocating is empowering and HARD. By actively participating in your child’s education and collaborating with educators and professionals, you can ensure that your child receives the support and resources they require to thrive. In this blog post, I will share 8 valuable insights and practical tips to help you become a strong advocate for your child and their needs.

Educate Yourself

Knowledge is power! Take the time to familiarize yourself with special education laws and regulations in your country or state. Understand key terms and acronyms commonly used in special education, such as Individualized Education Program (IEP), 504 Plan, and Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). Learn about different disabilities, accommodations, and instructional approaches that can support your child’s learning. Understanding these concepts will help you to communicate and collaborate with teachers and school administrators. (I’ll share more on each of these soon.)

Build Relationships

Developing strong relationships with your child’s classroom teachers, therapists, and administrators are essential. Attend parent-teacher conferences, IEP meetings, and other school events to establish open lines of communication. By fostering positive relationships, you can create a supportive network that works together to meet your child’s unique needs.

Maintain Communication

Effective communication is the cornerstone of successful advocacy. Regularly communicate with your child’s teachers to stay informed about their progress, challenges, and any emerging concerns. Share your observations, insights, and goals for your child’s education, IEP, and post-high school. Collaboration ensures consistency between home and school.

Document Everything

Maintain a record of all correspondence, meetings, evaluations, and assessments related to your child’s special education. Keep copies of IEPs, progress reports, and any relevant documentation. This documentation can help you track your child’s progress, identify patterns, and support your advocacy efforts.

Be an Active Participant in the IEP Process

The Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a vital tool for ensuring your child’s educational needs are met. Actively participate in the development and review of your child’s IEP. Share your insights, goals, and concerns, and be prepared to negotiate and collaborate with the school team to create an effective plan. Remember, you are your child’s voice during these meetings.

Know Your Child’s Rights

Familiarize yourself with your child’s rights under special education law. Take the time to read them and ask questions if you don’t understand your Parent Rights and Procedural Safeguards. Understand the services and accommodations your child is entitled to and ensure they receive them. If you encounter any challenges or obstacles, advocate for your child’s rights respectfully but assertively, seeking guidance from organizations or parent support groups if necessary. (If you are not sure where your copy is, go to your state department of education, download, and read it.)

Seek Additional Support

Don’t hesitate to seek additional support from professionals, advocacy organizations, or parent support groups. These resources can provide guidance, mentorship, and valuable insights to help you navigate the complex world of special education. Share your experiences and learn from others who have walked a similar path.

Foster a Collaborative Approach

Remember, you and the school team share a common goal—your child’s success. Approach advocacy as a collaborative effort, working together to ensure your child receives the best possible education. Maintain open lines of communication, listen to different perspectives, and find common ground to create a supportive and inclusive learning environment. Explore differentiated instruction techniques, such as varied assignments, flexible grouping, or modified assessments. Collaboratively find ways to adapt the curriculum to meet your child’s individual needs.

Advocating for your child’s special education needs is a powerful way to ensure their educational journey meets their unique abilities and challenges. By educating yourself, building relationships, maintaining communication, and actively participating in the IEP process, you can effectively advocate for your child. Remember, you are your child’s greatest advocate.

 

 

 




7 Strategies to Support Your Child’s Special Education Needs

7 Strategies to Support Your Child’s Special Education Needs

Each spring, I say goodbye to the family I built. But it’s the work each fall that brings that family together. This year will mark the beginning of my 19th year as a special education teacher in Colorado. Parents are always asking me what they can do to help make the transition from summer to returning to school a little easier.

Here are 7 practical ways you can help your child get ready for a new school year.

Maintain Open Communication

Maintaining open lines of communication with your child’s school and teachers is essential. Take the time to introduce yourself to your child’s teacher, attend orientation meetings, and exchange contact information. Regularly check emails, newsletters, or any other communication channels used by the school to stay informed about important updates, events, and expectations. If your child has an IEP, make sure the new classroom teacher knows.

Establish Routines and Healthy Habits

A well-established routine can provide stability and structure, contributing to your child’s overall success. Before the new school year begins, gradually adjust bedtimes and wake-up times to ensure sufficient sleep. Set regular schedules for meals, homework, and recreational activities to create a sense of predictability. Encourage healthy habits such as balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and limited screen time.

Review the Individualized Education Program (IEP)

The IEP is a crucial document outlining your child’s specific learning needs, goals, and accommodations. Take the time to thoroughly review the IEP and familiarize yourself with its contents. If needed, schedule a meeting with the school’s special education team to address any questions or concerns you may have. Ensure that the IEP is up-to-date and accurately reflects your child’s current requirements.

Encourage Independence

Fostering independence in your child is a valuable skill that will serve them well throughout their academic journey. Encourage your child to take responsibility for their school-related tasks, such as packing their bag, completing homework, and organizing their materials. Teach them problem-solving and time-management skills, gradually allowing them to take ownership of their learning.

Nurture a Positive Attitude

A positive mindset can significantly impact your child’s motivation and enthusiasm for learning. Encourage your child to embrace new challenges, view mistakes as opportunities for growth, and maintain a positive attitude toward school. Celebrate achievements, both big and small, to boost their confidence and reinforce their love for learning.

Get Involved

Active parental involvement in your child’s education can make a tremendous difference. Attend parent-teacher conferences, join parent-teacher associations, or volunteer at school events. Engage in conversations about your child’s school day, listen attentively, and offer support when needed. By actively participating in their educational journey, you demonstrate the value you place on their education.

Advocate for Your Child

As a parent, you are your child’s strongest advocate. Familiarize yourself with your rights and your child’s entitlements under special education laws. Stay informed about relevant policies and procedures. If you have concerns or questions, communicate them clearly and proactively with the school’s special education team. Collaborate with the team to ensure your child’s needs are met and their educational experience is maximized.

Preparing for a new school year requires proactive involvement and collaboration. By implementing these strategies, you can help create a positive and supportive environment that fosters your child’s growth and success. Remember, your involvement and support play a crucial role in their educational journey.

 




Elements of a Free and Appropriate Education

Elements of a Free and Appropriate Education

Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) is a legal term used in the United States that ensures that children with disabilities have access to an education that is tailored to their individual needs and is provided at no cost to their parents or guardians. FAPE is a critical component of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), which is a federal law enacted to protect the educational rights of students with disabilities.

Under IDEA, all eligible children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 21 years are entitled to receive special education and related services that are designed to meet their unique needs and help them make meaningful educational progress. These services are provided in the least restrictive environment, which means that to the maximum extent appropriate, children with disabilities are educated alongside their non-disabled peers.

Key Elements of FAPE

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

FAPE recognizes that each child possesses a unique set of strengths and challenges. To provide the most effective education, Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) are crafted for every eligible student. All IEPs guarantee all these elements of FAPE.

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

Students with disabilities should not be isolated from their non-disabled peers. FAPE ensures that education is delivered in the Least Restrictive Environment, allowing students to participate in general education classrooms to the maximum extent appropriate. This approach fosters an inclusive culture and promotes social growth for all learners. (Stay tuned for a blog post on this.)

FAPE aims to create an inclusive educational environment where students with disabilities can develop their skills and abilities alongside their non-disabled peers, promoting a sense of belonging and equal opportunities for all students. It recognizes that each child is unique and requires an individualized approach to learning to reach their full potential

Equal Access to Opportunities

FAPE removes the barriers that have historically hindered students with disabilities from accessing quality education. FAPE ensures access to specialized services and assistive technologies, so your child can fully participate in the learning process, explore their interests, and develop their talents alongside their grade-level peers. This includes having the same access to grade-level field trips, assemblies, and birthday parties to the best of your child’s ability. (Sometimes these things are too over-stimulating.) This is also where teacher-parent collaboration is important.

Collaboration and Parental Involvement

An essential point of FAPE is the collaborative effort involving parents or guardians, teachers, specialists, and school administrators. This teamwork ensures that all stakeholders work together to design your child’s IEP.

Zero Cost to Parents

FAPE requires that the services and support provided to students with disabilities must be provided at no cost to their parents or guardians. The government funds special education programs to ensure accessibility to all eligible students. This can include transportation to and from school if your child’s disability impacts their ability to access their education, assistive technology, wheelchairs, or walkers to name a few but this list depends on what your team determines your child needs to access their education.

Procedural Safeguards

IDEA also includes procedural safeguards to protect the rights of students and their parents or guardians, such as the right to participate in the IEP process, the right to dispute decisions through due process, and the right to access educational records.

FAPE aims to create an inclusive educational environment where a child with disabilities can develop their skills and abilities alongside their non-disabled grade-level peers, promoting a sense of belonging and equal opportunities for all students. It recognizes that each child is unique and requires an individualized approach to learning to reach their full potential.

If you have read my previous posts, you should be seeing some common threads within the world of special education. Everything is interconnected. Starting with the law that tells teams what they need to do to create a rock-solid IEP that drives FAPE and your rights as parents. I’ll be back to share more. If you have questions or what me to answer a specific question, please send me an email at Alison.Whiteley@toad-allyexceptionallearners.com

Note: It’s important to note that FAPE is specific to the United States educational system and may have different equivalents or variations in other countries’ special education laws and policies.